Overview
NAD+ is an essential coenzyme present in all living cells and functions as the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It serves as a critical electron carrier in redox reactions and as a substrate for NAD+-consuming enzymes (sirtuins, PARPs, CD38). It is widely used in laboratory and preclinical research as a model compound to investigate mitochondrial bioenergetics, DNA repair mechanisms, sirtuin signaling, cellular senescence, and age-related metabolic decline in various in vitro and animal model systems.
Research Applications (Observational Data from Published Studies) The following points summarize observations reported in scientific literature from preclinical (in vitro/animal) and human studies and are provided solely for informational and research-planning purposes:
- Mitochondrial Function and Energy Metabolism: In aged rodent models and human cell cultures, direct NAD+ supplementation or precursor administration restored mitochondrial NAD+ pools, improved oxidative phosphorylation, increased ATP production, and enhanced physical endurance.
- DNA Repair and Genomic Stability: In PARP-overactivated and DNA-damaged cell models as well as irradiated mice, elevated NAD+ levels supported PARP-1 activity, accelerated DNA strand-break repair, and reduced genomic instability.
- Sirtuin Activation and Longevity Pathways: In yeast, worms, flies, and mouse models of accelerated aging, raising intracellular NAD+ activated sirtuins (particularly SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6), promoted stress resistance, and extended both healthspan and lifespan.
- Neuroprotection and Cognitive Research: In rodent models of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and cerebral ischemia, NAD+ repletion reduced neuroinflammation, preserved neuronal NAD+ levels, and improved cognitive performance.
Important Legal Disclaimer For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. Not for diagnostic, therapeutic, cosmetic, or food purposes. Not approved by the FDA or any regulatory agency. Researchers are responsible for compliance with all applicable laws and institutional guidelines.
Chemical Information
- Chemical Name: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form), β-NAD+
- Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂
- Molecular Weight: 663.43 g/mol (free acid); 709.40 g/mol (disodium salt, common research form)
- CAS Number: 53-84-9
- PubChem CID: 5892
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