Overview
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA type-c) is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. It translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress and regulates genes involved in metabolism, inflammation, and stress resistance via the AMPK pathway. It is widely used in laboratory and preclinical research as a model compound to investigate mitochondrial-nuclear communication, insulin sensitivity, exercise mimetic effects, and aging-related metabolic pathways in various in vitro and animal model systems.
Research Applications (Observational Data from Published Studies) The following points summarize observations reported in scientific literature from preclinical (in vitro/animal) and human studies and are provided solely for informational and research-planning purposes:
- Metabolic Regulation and Insulin Sensitivity: In high-fat diet and aged mouse models, MOTS-c administration improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin sensitivity, prevented diet-induced obesity, and normalized plasma insulin levels via AMPK activation.
- Exercise Mimetic and Endurance Research: In rodent models, MOTS-c treatment increased fatty acid oxidation, boosted mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle, and enhanced physical performance/capacity comparable to exercise training effects.
- Anti-Aging and Longevity Models: In progeroid and naturally aged mice, chronic MOTS-c increased healthspan markers, restored physical capacity, and extended lifespan through systemic metabolic reprogramming.
- Neuroprotection and Inflammation Studies: In cell culture and rodent models of neurodegeneration, MOTS-c reduced neuroinflammation, protected against oxidative stress, and improved cognitive function via AMPK-dependent mechanisms.
Important Legal Disclaimer For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. Not for diagnostic, therapeutic, cosmetic, or food purposes. Not approved by the FDA or any regulatory agency. Researchers are responsible for compliance with all applicable laws and institutional guidelines.
Chemical Information
- Sequence: Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg (MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR)
- Common Name: MOTS-c, Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c
- Molecular Formula: C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂
- Molecular Weight: 2174.62 g/mol
- CAS Number: 1627580-64-6
- PubChem CID: 146555844
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